Rivers

Complete the crossword, then click on "Check" to check your answer. If you are stuck, you can click on "Hint" to get a free letter. Click on a number in the grid to see the clue or clues for that number.

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Across:

2. A type of well from which water flows without assistance. This is caused by the base of the well being in rock layers which are saturated and contain water under pressure.
4. A triangular area of deposited silt or alluvium at the mouth of a river.
6. A drainage pattern which resembles the trunk and branches of a tree when viewed from above.
8. A bend or curve in the course of a river.
12. A type of stream, common in the chalk areas of Southern England, which flows only during the wetter parts of the year when the water table rises above the bed of the stream.
13. The part of a river's load which is dissolved in the water. An example is Calcium Carbonate which is dissolved from limestone by acidic water.
16. A substance that allows water to pass through it, making use of the spaces between the pores.
19. A vertical hole into which a surface stream flows, or used to flow. It may also be known as a pot hole or a sink hole.
20. An area of a river which is wide and shallow, the water flowing over a pebble bed with protruding rocks. Friction is high due to the shallow depth and rough bed.
21. The saturation zone between the normal level of the watertable and the level it reaches after heavy rainfall. This area is only saturated during periods of wet weather.
22. An area within an arid desert area where water is present at or near the surface.
26. Rainfall which flows across the surface rather than sinking into the ground.
27. The mass movement of earth and rocks down a slope, often caused by soil becoming too heavy to remain stable due to saturation by rainwater
30. A vertical hole into which a surface stream flows, or used to flow. It may also be known as a sink hole or a swallow hole.
32. A natural source of water rising out of the ground.
33. The movement of water down through the soil or cracks in rocks.
35. The zone of saturation in which the pores are always saturated with ground water.
37. The load of a stream or river which is moved along its bed.
38. An abrupt change in slope or gradient of a river, often characterised by waterfalls or rapids over hard rock areas. It is caused by uplift of the land or a drop in sea level leading to rejuvenation.
39. The angle of slope down which a river or stream flows.
40. Weathered blocks of limestone surrounded by Grykes.

Down:

1. Drainage system formed when rain falls on the top of a dome shape where it may run off the surface in any direction.
3. A vertical hole into which a surface stream flows, or used to flow. It may also be known as a pot hole or a swallow hole.
5. Raised banks of alluvium along the edges of an old river. When a river floods its banks, the water spreads out and rapidly loses its load carrying ability. Deposition occurs close to the banks, increases their height.
7. A valley, usually on either limestone or chalk, which should contain a stream but doesn't. This is caused by the water table level being below the land surface.
9. A bed of rock which allows water to percolate through it and accumulate within the spaces between the rock particles.
10. The point at which a river starts.
11. A small ,narrow and usually long channel on a hillside created by flowing water.
14. A hollow in the side of a chalk valley. SOUNDS like a word for a corrie.
15. The part of a river where it enters the sea, a lake or even another larger river.
17. A river which does not flow down the main slope of the land.
18. The classical landscape of Limestone areas, featuring limestone pavements, caves, swallow holes, and other limestone features. Almost all drainage is below the surface, leaving the ground very dry and barren.
19. The inside edge of a meander.
23. This form of drainage develops on a surface composed of alternate layers of hard and soft rocks which all dip in the same direction.
24. A valley with vertical walls created by the headward migration of a waterfall.
25. The level of the groundwater, or the level below which the rocks are saturated with water.
28. The area of land drained by a main river and its tributaries.
29. A flat area of land on either side of a river. The soil consists of alluvium which is deposited every time the river floods and overflows it's banks.
31. A meander in a river course which is literally cut off from the present river. When a meander has almost formed a complete loop, the narrow neck of land may be eroded in flood conditions, allowing the river to by-pass the bend.
34. A river or stream which feeds a larger water course.
36. When a river crosses a band of hard rock differential erosion occurs. The hard rocks erode less quickly than the softer rocks below them. This steepens the river gradient and increases the velocity of the water. These will be formed where the water rushes over the hard rocks producing white water as it speeds down the steepened section.

 

 

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