| Introduction | Spratly Islands |
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Background:
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The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim. |
| Geography | Spratly Islands |
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Location:
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Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines |
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Geographic coordinates:
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8 38 N, 111 55 E |
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Map references:
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Southeast Asia |
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Area:
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total: less than 5 sq km
land: less than 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea |
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Area - comparative:
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NA |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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926 km |
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Maritime claims:
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NA |
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Climate:
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tropical |
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Terrain:
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flat |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m |
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Natural resources:
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fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential |
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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0 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Geography - note:
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strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs |
| People | Spratly Islands |
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Population:
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no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (2004) |
| Government | Spratly Islands |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Spratly Islands |
| Economy | Spratly Islands |
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Economy - overview:
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Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored; there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. |
| Transportation | Spratly Islands |
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Ports and harbors:
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none; offshore anchorage only |
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Airports:
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3 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Military | Spratly Islands |
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Military - note:
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Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam |
| Transnational Issues | Spratly Islands |
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Disputes - international:
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all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratlys |
Sources: The CIA World Fact Book and other public domain Internet sites
